organizational slack การใช้

Organizational slack can be explained by the agent-principal problem.
Organizational slack occurs when firms opt to employ more resources than are needed to produce a given level of output.
Information Technology and Organizational Slack . ( with Kevin Dow and Theophanis Stratopoulos ) International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, Vol . 5, Issue 1, March 2004, pp . 51 63.
Milgrom and Roberts suggested that this is why businesses had been unable to replicate Lincoln Electric's performance incentive system because the classic piece rate contract was supported by a string of human resource policies ( e . g ., subjective bonuses, lifetime employment ) as well as production management policies ( including organizational slack on delivery ), and, perhaps most importantly, deep trust between workers and management.